In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
xfrm: iptfs: fix skb_put() panic on non-linear skb during reassembly
In iptfs_reassem_cont(), IP-TFS attempts to append data to the new inner
packet 'newskb' that is being reassembled. First a zero-copy approach is
tried if it succeeds then newskb becomes non-linear.
When a subsequent fragment in the same datagram does not meet the
fast-path conditions, a memory copy is performed. It calls skb_put() to
append the data and as newskb is non-linear it triggers
SKB_LINEAR_ASSERT check.
Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI
[...]
RIP: 0010:skb_put+0x3c/0x40
[...]
Call Trace:
<IRQ>
iptfs_reassem_cont+0x1ab/0x5e0 [xfrm_iptfs]
iptfs_input_ordered+0x2af/0x380 [xfrm_iptfs]
iptfs_input+0x122/0x3e0 [xfrm_iptfs]
xfrm_input+0x91e/0x1a50
xfrm4_esp_rcv+0x3a/0x110
ip_protocol_deliver_rcu+0x1d7/0x1f0
ip_local_deliver_finish+0xbe/0x1e0
__netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xb56/0x1120
__netif_receive_skb_list_core+0x133/0x2b0
netif_receive_skb_list_internal+0x1ff/0x3f0
napi_complete_done+0x81/0x220
virtnet_poll+0x9d6/0x116e [virtio_net]
__napi_poll.constprop.0+0x2b/0x270
net_rx_action+0x162/0x360
handle_softirqs+0xdc/0x510
__irq_exit_rcu+0xe7/0x110
irq_exit_rcu+0xe/0x20
common_interrupt+0x85/0xa0
</IRQ>
<TASK>
Fix this by checking if the skb is non-linear. If it is, linearize it by
calling skb_linearize(). As the initial allocation of newskb originally
reserved enough tailroom for the entire reassembled packet we do not
need to check if we have enough tailroom or extend it.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
af_key: validate families in pfkey_send_migrate()
syzbot was able to trigger a crash in skb_put() [1]
Issue is that pfkey_send_migrate() does not check old/new families,
and that set_ipsecrequest() @family argument was truncated,
thus possibly overfilling the skb.
Validate families early, do not wait set_ipsecrequest().
[1]
skbuff: skb_over_panic: text:ffffffff8a752120 len:392 put:16 head:ffff88802a4ad040 data:ffff88802a4ad040 tail:0x188 end:0x180 dev:<NULL>
kernel BUG at net/core/skbuff.c:214 !
Call Trace:
<TASK>
skb_over_panic net/core/skbuff.c:219 [inline]
skb_put+0x159/0x210 net/core/skbuff.c:2655
skb_put_zero include/linux/skbuff.h:2788 [inline]
set_ipsecrequest net/key/af_key.c:3532 [inline]
pfkey_send_migrate+0x1270/0x2e50 net/key/af_key.c:3636
km_migrate+0x155/0x260 net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c:2848
xfrm_migrate+0x2140/0x2450 net/xfrm/xfrm_policy.c:4705
xfrm_do_migrate+0x8ff/0xaa0 net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c:3150
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
erofs: set fileio bio failed in short read case
For file-backed mount, IO requests are handled by vfs_iocb_iter_read().
However, it can be interrupted by SIGKILL, returning the number of
bytes actually copied. Unused folios in bio are unexpectedly marked
as uptodate.
vfs_read
filemap_read
filemap_get_pages
filemap_readahead
erofs_fileio_readahead
erofs_fileio_rq_submit
vfs_iocb_iter_read
filemap_read
filemap_get_pages <= detect signal
erofs_fileio_ki_complete <= set all folios uptodate
This patch addresses this by setting short read bio with an error
directly.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
Bluetooth: L2CAP: Validate PDU length before reading SDU length in l2cap_ecred_data_rcv()
l2cap_ecred_data_rcv() reads the SDU length field from skb->data using
get_unaligned_le16() without first verifying that skb contains at least
L2CAP_SDULEN_SIZE (2) bytes. When skb->len is less than 2, this reads
past the valid data in the skb.
The ERTM reassembly path correctly calls pskb_may_pull() before reading
the SDU length (l2cap_reassemble_sdu, L2CAP_SAR_START case). Apply the
same validation to the Enhanced Credit Based Flow Control data path.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
nfc: nci: fix circular locking dependency in nci_close_device
nci_close_device() flushes rx_wq and tx_wq while holding req_lock.
This causes a circular locking dependency because nci_rx_work()
running on rx_wq can end up taking req_lock too:
nci_rx_work -> nci_rx_data_packet -> nci_data_exchange_complete
-> __sk_destruct -> rawsock_destruct -> nfc_deactivate_target
-> nci_deactivate_target -> nci_request -> mutex_lock(&ndev->req_lock)
Move the flush of rx_wq after req_lock has been released.
This should safe (I think) because NCI_UP has already been cleared
and the transport is closed, so the work will see it and return
-ENETDOWN.
NIPA has been hitting this running the nci selftest with a debug
kernel on roughly 4% of the runs.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
udp: Fix wildcard bind conflict check when using hash2
When binding a udp_sock to a local address and port, UDP uses
two hashes (udptable->hash and udptable->hash2) for collision
detection. The current code switches to "hash2" when
hslot->count > 10.
"hash2" is keyed by local address and local port.
"hash" is keyed by local port only.
The issue can be shown in the following bind sequence (pseudo code):
bind(fd1, "[fd00::1]:8888")
bind(fd2, "[fd00::2]:8888")
bind(fd3, "[fd00::3]:8888")
bind(fd4, "[fd00::4]:8888")
bind(fd5, "[fd00::5]:8888")
bind(fd6, "[fd00::6]:8888")
bind(fd7, "[fd00::7]:8888")
bind(fd8, "[fd00::8]:8888")
bind(fd9, "[fd00::9]:8888")
bind(fd10, "[fd00::10]:8888")
/* Correctly return -EADDRINUSE because "hash" is used
* instead of "hash2". udp_lib_lport_inuse() detects the
* conflict.
*/
bind(fail_fd, "[::]:8888")
/* After one more socket is bound to "[fd00::11]:8888",
* hslot->count exceeds 10 and "hash2" is used instead.
*/
bind(fd11, "[fd00::11]:8888")
bind(fail_fd, "[::]:8888") /* succeeds unexpectedly */
The same issue applies to the IPv4 wildcard address "0.0.0.0"
and the IPv4-mapped wildcard address "::ffff:0.0.0.0". For
example, if there are existing sockets bound to
"192.168.1.[1-11]:8888", then binding "0.0.0.0:8888" or
"[::ffff:0.0.0.0]:8888" can also miss the conflict when
hslot->count > 10.
TCP inet_csk_get_port() already has the correct check in
inet_use_bhash2_on_bind(). Rename it to
inet_use_hash2_on_bind() and move it to inet_hashtables.h
so udp.c can reuse it in this fix.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
Bluetooth: L2CAP: Fix deadlock in l2cap_conn_del()
l2cap_conn_del() calls cancel_delayed_work_sync() for both info_timer
and id_addr_timer while holding conn->lock. However, the work functions
l2cap_info_timeout() and l2cap_conn_update_id_addr() both acquire
conn->lock, creating a potential AB-BA deadlock if the work is already
executing when l2cap_conn_del() takes the lock.
Move the work cancellations before acquiring conn->lock and use
disable_delayed_work_sync() to additionally prevent the works from
being rearmed after cancellation, consistent with the pattern used in
hci_conn_del().
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
Bluetooth: L2CAP: Fix ERTM re-init and zero pdu_len infinite loop
l2cap_config_req() processes CONFIG_REQ for channels in BT_CONNECTED
state to support L2CAP reconfiguration (e.g. MTU changes). However,
since both CONF_INPUT_DONE and CONF_OUTPUT_DONE are already set from
the initial configuration, the reconfiguration path falls through to
l2cap_ertm_init(), which re-initializes tx_q, srej_q, srej_list, and
retrans_list without freeing the previous allocations and sets
chan->sdu to NULL without freeing the existing skb. This leaks all
previously allocated ERTM resources.
Additionally, l2cap_parse_conf_req() does not validate the minimum
value of remote_mps derived from the RFC max_pdu_size option. A zero
value propagates to l2cap_segment_sdu() where pdu_len becomes zero,
causing the while loop to never terminate since len is never
decremented, exhausting all available memory.
Fix the double-init by skipping l2cap_ertm_init() and
l2cap_chan_ready() when the channel is already in BT_CONNECTED state,
while still allowing the reconfiguration parameters to be updated
through l2cap_parse_conf_req(). Also add a pdu_len zero check in
l2cap_segment_sdu() as a safeguard.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
Bluetooth: btusb: clamp SCO altsetting table indices
btusb_work() maps the number of active SCO links to USB alternate
settings through a three-entry lookup table when CVSD traffic uses
transparent voice settings. The lookup currently indexes alts[] with
data->sco_num - 1 without first constraining sco_num to the number of
available table entries.
While the table only defines alternate settings for up to three SCO
links, data->sco_num comes from hci_conn_num() and is used directly.
Cap the lookup to the last table entry before indexing it so the
driver keeps selecting the highest supported alternate setting without
reading past alts[].
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
netfilter: nf_conntrack_expect: skip expectations in other netns via proc
Skip expectations that do not reside in this netns.
Similar to e77e6ff502ea ("netfilter: conntrack: do not dump other netns's
conntrack entries via proc").
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
netfilter: ctnetlink: use netlink policy range checks
Replace manual range and mask validations with netlink policy
annotations in ctnetlink code paths, so that the netlink core rejects
invalid values early and can generate extack errors.
- CTA_PROTOINFO_TCP_STATE: reject values > TCP_CONNTRACK_SYN_SENT2 at
policy level, removing the manual >= TCP_CONNTRACK_MAX check.
- CTA_PROTOINFO_TCP_WSCALE_ORIGINAL/REPLY: reject values > TCP_MAX_WSCALE
(14). The normal TCP option parsing path already clamps to this value,
but the ctnetlink path accepted 0-255, causing undefined behavior when
used as a u32 shift count.
- CTA_FILTER_ORIG_FLAGS/REPLY_FLAGS: use NLA_POLICY_MASK with
CTA_FILTER_F_ALL, removing the manual mask checks.
- CTA_EXPECT_FLAGS: use NLA_POLICY_MASK with NF_CT_EXPECT_MASK, adding
a new mask define grouping all valid expect flags.
Extracted from a broader nf-next patch by Florian Westphal, scoped to
ctnetlink for the fixes tree.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
RDMA/irdma: Initialize free_qp completion before using it
In irdma_create_qp, if ib_copy_to_udata fails, it will call
irdma_destroy_qp to clean up which will attempt to wait on
the free_qp completion, which is not initialized yet. Fix this
by initializing the completion before the ib_copy_to_udata call.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
RDMA/irdma: Harden depth calculation functions
An issue was exposed where OS can pass in U32_MAX for SQ/RQ/SRQ size.
This can cause integer overflow and truncation of SQ/RQ/SRQ depth
returning a success when it should have failed.
Harden the functions to do all depth calculations and boundary
checking in u64 sizes.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
spi: use generic driver_override infrastructure
When a driver is probed through __driver_attach(), the bus' match()
callback is called without the device lock held, thus accessing the
driver_override field without a lock, which can cause a UAF.
Fix this by using the driver-core driver_override infrastructure taking
care of proper locking internally.
Note that calling match() from __driver_attach() without the device lock
held is intentional. [1]
Also note that we do not enable the driver_override feature of struct
bus_type, as SPI - in contrast to most other buses - passes "" to
sysfs_emit() when the driver_override pointer is NULL. Thus, printing
"\n" instead of "(null)\n".
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
s390/syscalls: Add spectre boundary for syscall dispatch table
The s390 syscall number is directly controlled by userspace, but does
not have an array_index_nospec() boundary to prevent access past the
syscall function pointer tables.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
s390/entry: Scrub r12 register on kernel entry
Before commit f33f2d4c7c80 ("s390/bp: remove TIF_ISOLATE_BP"),
all entry handlers loaded r12 with the current task pointer
(lg %r12,__LC_CURRENT) for use by the BPENTER/BPEXIT macros. That
commit removed TIF_ISOLATE_BP, dropping both the branch prediction
macros and the r12 load, but did not add r12 to the register clearing
sequence.
Add the missing xgr %r12,%r12 to make the register scrub consistent
across all entry points.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
tracing: Drain deferred trigger frees if kthread creation fails
Boot-time trigger registration can fail before the trigger-data cleanup
kthread exists. Deferring those frees until late init is fine, but the
post-boot fallback must still drain the deferred list if kthread
creation never succeeds.
Otherwise, boot-deferred nodes can accumulate on
trigger_data_free_list, later frees fall back to synchronously freeing
only the current object, and the older queued entries are leaked
forever.
To trigger this, add the following to the kernel command line:
trace_event=sched_switch trace_trigger=sched_switch.traceon,sched_switch.traceon
The second traceon trigger will fail and be freed. This triggers a NULL
pointer dereference and crashes the kernel.
Keep the deferred boot-time behavior, but when kthread creation fails,
drain the whole queued list synchronously. Do the same in the late-init
drain path so queued entries are not stranded there either.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
tracing: Fix potential deadlock in cpu hotplug with osnoise
The following sequence may leads deadlock in cpu hotplug:
task1 task2 task3
----- ----- -----
mutex_lock(&interface_lock)
[CPU GOING OFFLINE]
cpus_write_lock();
osnoise_cpu_die();
kthread_stop(task3);
wait_for_completion();
osnoise_sleep();
mutex_lock(&interface_lock);
cpus_read_lock();
[DEAD LOCK]
Fix by swap the order of cpus_read_lock() and mutex_lock(&interface_lock).
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
xfrm: iptfs: validate inner IPv4 header length in IPTFS payload
Add validation of the inner IPv4 packet tot_len and ihl fields parsed
from decrypted IPTFS payloads in __input_process_payload(). A crafted
ESP packet containing an inner IPv4 header with tot_len=0 causes an
infinite loop: iplen=0 leads to capturelen=min(0, remaining)=0, so the
data offset never advances and the while(data < tail) loop never
terminates, spinning forever in softirq context.
Reject inner IPv4 packets where tot_len < ihl*4 or ihl*4 < sizeof(struct
iphdr), which catches both the tot_len=0 case and malformed ihl values.
The normal IP stack performs this validation in ip_rcv_core(), but IPTFS
extracts and processes inner packets before they reach that layer.
Insufficient validation of Chrome extension identifiers in Raindrop.io Bookmark Manager Web App 5.6.76.0 allows attackers to obtain sensitive user data via a crafted request.
A flaw was found in Red Hat Quay. When Red Hat Quay requests password re-verification for sensitive operations, such as token generation or robot account creation, the re-authentication prompt can be bypassed. This allows a user with a timed-out session, or an attacker with access to an idle authenticated browser session, to perform privileged actions without providing valid credentials. The vulnerability enables unauthorized execution of sensitive operations despite the user interface displaying an error for invalid credentials.
If you use the zoneToCache function with a malicious authoritative server, an attacker can send a zone that result in a null pointer dereference, caused by a missing consistency check and leading to a denial of service.
An RPZ sent by a malicious authoritative server can result in a null pointer dereference, caused by a missing consistency check and leading to a denial of service.
An attacker can send replies that result in a null pointer dereference, caused by a missing consistency check and leading to a denial of service. Cookies are disabled by default.
An attacker can send a web request that causes unlimited memory allocation in the internal web server, leading to a denial of service. The internal web server is disabled by default.
Having many concurrent transfers of the same RPZ can lead to inconsistent RPZ data, use after free and/or a crash of the recursor. Normally concurrent transfers of the same RPZ zone can only occur with a malfunctioning RPZ provider.
An attacker can send a web request that causes unlimited memory allocation in the internal web server, leading to a denial of service. The internal web server is disabled by default.
An attacker can send a web request that causes unlimited memory allocation in the internal web server, leading to a denial of service. The internal web server is disabled by default.
The Emailchef plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the page_options_ajax_disconnect() function in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete the plugin's settings via the 'emailchef_disconnect' AJAX action.
The Gallagher Website Design plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the plugin's login_link shortcode in all versions up to, and including, 2.6.4 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on the 'prefix' attribute. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
The Gutentools plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the Post Slider block's block_id attribute in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.3. This is due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping combined with a custom unescaping routine that reintroduces dangerous characters. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
A flaw was found in binutils, specifically within the `readelf` utility. This vulnerability allows a local attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) by tricking a user into processing a specially crafted Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) file. The exploitation of this flaw can lead to the system becoming unresponsive due to excessive resource consumption or a program crash.
A flaw was found in the `readelf` utility of the binutils package. A local attacker could exploit two Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerabilities by providing a specially crafted Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) file. One vulnerability, a resource exhaustion (CWE-400), can lead to an out-of-memory condition. The other, a null pointer dereference (CWE-476), can cause a segmentation fault. Both issues can result in the `readelf` utility becoming unresponsive or crashing, leading to a denial of service.
A flaw was found in nano. A local user could exploit a format string vulnerability in the `statusline()` function. By creating a directory with a name containing `printf` specifiers, the application attempts to display this name, leading to a segmentation fault (SEGV). This results in a Denial of Service (DoS) for the `nano` application.
The Fast & Fancy Filter – 3F plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to and including 1.2.2. This is due to missing nonce verification in the saveFields() function, which handles the fff_save_settins AJAX action. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify plugin filter settings, update arbitrary options, or create new filter posts via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.
The Google PageRank Display plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to and including 1.4. This is due to missing nonce validation in the gpdisplay_option() function, which handles the plugin settings page. The settings form does not include a wp_nonce_field(), and the form handler does not call check_admin_referer() or wp_verify_nonce() before processing the POST request. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to trick a logged-in administrator into submitting a crafted request that changes the plugin's settings (stored via update_option()), such as the display style used to render the PageRank badge.
The Simple Random Posts Shortcode plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the 'container_right_width' attribute of the 'simple_random_posts' shortcode in all versions up to, and including, 0.3 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on user supplied attributes. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
The Posts map plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the 'name' shortcode attribute in all versions up to, and including, 0.1.3 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on user supplied attributes. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
The Buzz Comments plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the 'Custom Buzz Avatar' (buzz_comments_avatar_image) setting in all versions up to, and including, 0.9.4. This is due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses the plugin settings page.
The Zypento Blocks plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the Table of Contents block in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.6. This is due to the front-end TOC rendering script reading heading text via `innerText` and inserting it into the page using `innerHTML` without proper sanitization. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Author-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
The SlideShowPro SC plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the plugin's `slideShowProSC` shortcode in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.2 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on user supplied attributes. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
The Text Snippets plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the plugin's `ts` shortcode in all versions up to, and including, 0.0.1 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on user supplied attributes. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
The CI HUB Connector plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the 'id' attribute of the `cihub_metadata` shortcode in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.106 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
The Breaking News WP plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.3. This is due to the brnwp_ajax_form AJAX endpoint lacking both authorization checks and CSRF verification, combined with insufficient path validation when the brnwp_theme option value is passed directly to an include() statement in the brnwp_show_breaking_news_wp() shortcode handler. While sanitize_text_field() is applied to user input, it does not strip directory traversal sequences (../). This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to overwrite the brnwp_theme option with a directory traversal payload (e.g., ../../../../etc/passwd) and subsequently trigger file inclusion of arbitrary files on the server when the shortcode is rendered.
The Bread & Butter plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the 'breadbutter-customevent-button' shortcode in all versions up to, and including, 8.2.0.25. This is due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on the 'event' shortcode attribute. The customEventShortCodeButton() function takes the 'event' attribute value and directly interpolates it into a JavaScript string within an onclick HTML attribute without applying esc_attr() or esc_js(). Notably, the sister function customEventShortCode() properly uses esc_js() for the same attribute, but this was omitted in the button variant. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses the page and clicks the injected button.
The Sentence To SEO (keywords, description and tags) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the 'Permanent keywords' field in all versions up to and including 1.0. This is due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. The plugin reads user input via filter_input_array(INPUT_POST) which applies no HTML sanitization (FILTER_DEFAULT), stores it unsanitized to the WordPress options table via update_option(), and then outputs the stored value directly into a textarea element without any escaping using PHP short echo tags (<?= ?>). An attacker can break out of the textarea element using a closing </textarea> tag and inject arbitrary HTML/JavaScript. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with administrator-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses the plugin's settings page.
The Ni WooCommerce Order Export plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to and including 3.1.6. This is due to missing nonce validation in the ni_order_export_action() AJAX handler function. The handler processes settings updates when the 'page' parameter is set to 'nioe-order-settings', delegating to Ni_Order_Setting::page_ajax() which calls update_option('ni_order_export_option', $_REQUEST) without verifying any nonce or checking user capabilities. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify the plugin's settings via a forged request, granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking a link.