Emails sent by pretix can utilize placeholders that will be filled with customer data. For example, when {name}
is used in an email template, it will be replaced with the buyer's
name for the final email. This mechanism contained two security-relevant
bugs:
*
It was possible to exfiltrate information about the pretix system through specially crafted placeholder names such as {{event.__init__.__code__.co_filename}}.
This way, an attacker with the ability to control email templates
(usually every user of the pretix backend) could retrieve sensitive
information from the system configuration, including even database
passwords or API keys. pretix does include mechanisms to prevent the usage of such
malicious placeholders, however due to a mistake in the code, they were
not fully effective for the email subject.
*
Placeholders in subjects and plain text bodies of emails were
wrongfully evaluated twice. Therefore, if the first evaluation of a
placeholder again contains a placeholder, this second placeholder was
rendered. This allows the rendering of placeholders controlled by the
ticket buyer, and therefore the exploitation of the first issue as a
ticket buyer. Luckily, the only buyer-controlled placeholder available
in pretix by default (that is not validated in a way that prevents the
issue) is {invoice_company}, which is very unusual (but not
impossible) to be contained in an email subject template. In addition
to broadening the attack surface of the first issue, this could
theoretically also leak information about an order to one of the
attendees within that order. However, we also consider this scenario
very unlikely under typical conditions.
Out of caution, we recommend that you rotate all passwords and API keys contained in your pretix.cfg https://docs.pretix.eu/self-hosting/config/ file.
Mattermost versions 11.1.x <= 11.1.2, 10.11.x <= 10.11.9, 11.2.x <= 11.2.1 and Mattermost Plugin Zoom versions <=1.11.0 fail to validate user identity and post ownership in the {{/api/v1/askPMI}} endpoint which allows unauthorized users to start Zoom meetings as any user and overwrite arbitrary posts via direct API calls with manipulated user IDs and post data.. Mattermost Advisory ID: MMSA-2025-00534
Mattermost versions 11.1.x <= 11.1.2, 10.11.x <= 10.11.9, 11.2.x <= 11.2.1 and Mattermost Plugin Zoom versions <=1.11.0 fail to validate the authenticated user when processing {{/plugins/zoom/api/v1/channel-preference}}, which allows any logged-in user to change Zoom meeting restrictions for arbitrary channels via crafted API requests.. Mattermost Advisory ID: MMSA-2025-00558
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability reflected in Kubysoft, which occurs through multiple parameters within the endpoint ‘/node/kudaby/nodeFN/procedure’. This flaw allows the injection of arbitrary client-side scripts, which are immediately reflected in the HTTP response and executed in the victim's browser.
Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Kubysoft, which is triggered through multiple parameters in the '/kForms/app' endpoint. This issue allows malicious scripts to be injected and executed persistently in the context of users accessing the affected resource.
Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Kubysoft, where uploaded SVG images are not properly sanitized. This allows attackers to embed malicious scripts within SVG files as visual content, which are then stored on the server and executed in the context of any user accessing the compromised resource.
A flaw has been found in WAYOS FBM-220G 24.10.19. This affects the function sub_40F820 of the file rc. Executing a manipulation of the argument upnp_waniface/upnp_ssdp_interval/upnp_max_age can lead to command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
The RegistrationMagic WordPress plugin before 6.0.7.2 does not have proper capability checks, allowing subscribers and above to create forms on the site.
A vulnerability was identified in Comfast CF-E4 2.6.0.1. This impacts an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/mbox-config?method=SET§ion=ntp_timezone of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. Such manipulation of the argument timestr leads to command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
A vulnerability was determined in opencc JFlow up to 20260129. This affects the function Imp_Done of the file src/main/java/bp/wf/httphandler/WF_Admin_AttrFlow.java of the component Workflow Engine. This manipulation of the argument File causes xml external entity reference. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
A vulnerability was found in Comfast CF-N1 V2 2.6.0.2. The impacted element is the function sub_44AB9C of the file /cgi-bin/mbox-config?method=SET§ion=ptest_channel. The manipulation of the argument channel results in command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
A vulnerability has been found in Comfast CF-N1 V2 2.6.0.2. The affected element is the function sub_44AC4C of the file /cgi-bin/mbox-config?method=SET§ion=ptest_bandwidth. The manipulation of the argument bandwidth leads to command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
A vulnerability was detected in lintsinghua DeepAudit up to 3.0.3. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file backend/app/api/v1/endpoints/embedding_config.py of the component IP Address Handler. Performing a manipulation results in server-side request forgery. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 3.0.4 and 3.1.0 is capable of addressing this issue. The patch is named da853fdd8cbe9d42053b45d83f25708ba29b8b27. It is suggested to upgrade the affected component.
A security vulnerability has been detected in MindsDB up to 25.14.1. This vulnerability affects the function clear_filename of the file mindsdb/utilities/security.py of the component File Upload. Such manipulation leads to server-side request forgery. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The name of the patch is 74d6f0fd4b630218519a700fbee1c05c7fd4b1ed. It is best practice to apply a patch to resolve this issue.
A weakness has been identified in Wavlink WL-WN579A3 up to 20210219. This affects the function AddMac of the file /cgi-bin/wireless.cgi. This manipulation of the argument macAddr causes command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
A security flaw has been discovered in Wavlink WL-WN579A3 up to 20210219. Affected by this issue is the function DeleteMac of the file /cgi-bin/wireless.cgi. The manipulation of the argument delete_list results in command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
A vulnerability was identified in Wavlink WL-WN579A3 up to 20210219. Affected by this vulnerability is the function Delete_Mac_list of the file /cgi-bin/wireless.cgi. The manipulation of the argument delete_list leads to command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
A vulnerability was determined in Wavlink WL-WN579A3 up to 20210219. Affected is an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/login.cgi. Executing a manipulation of the argument key can lead to command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
A vulnerability was found in Wavlink WL-WN579A3 up to 20210219. This impacts the function multi_ssid of the file /cgi-bin/wireless.cgi. Performing a manipulation of the argument SSID2G2 results in command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
A vulnerability has been found in Free5GC up to 4.1.0. This affects an unknown function of the component PFCP UDP Endpoint. Such manipulation leads to denial of service. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
A flaw has been found in Open5GS 2.7.6. The impacted element is the function mme_s11_handle_create_session_response of the component MME. This manipulation causes denial of service. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
A vulnerability was detected in Open5GS up to 2.7.6. The affected element is the function smf_gn_handle_create_pdp_context_request of the file /src/smf/gn-handler.c of the component SMF. The manipulation results in reachable assertion. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
A security vulnerability has been detected in Open5GS up to 2.7.6. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /src/mme/esm-build.c of the component MME. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
A weakness has been identified in Open5GS up to 2.7.6. This issue affects the function sgwc_s5c_handle_create_session_response of the component SGW-C. Executing a manipulation can lead to memory corruption. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
OPNsense 19.1 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability in the system_advanced_sysctl.php endpoint that allows attackers to inject malicious scripts via the value parameter. Attackers can craft POST requests with script payloads in the value parameter to execute JavaScript in the context of authenticated user sessions.
OPNsense 19.1 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts by submitting crafted payloads through the ignoreLogACL parameter. Attackers can send POST requests to the proxy endpoint with JavaScript code in the ignoreLogACL parameter to execute arbitrary scripts in users' browsers.
OPNsense 19.1 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts by submitting crafted input to the mailserver parameter. Attackers can send POST requests to the monit interface with JavaScript payloads in the mailserver parameter to execute arbitrary code in users' browsers.
OPNsense 19.1 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows attackers to inject malicious scripts by exploiting the passthrough_networks parameter in vpn_ipsec_settings.php. Attackers can craft POST requests with JavaScript payloads in the passthrough_networks parameter to execute arbitrary code in users' browsers.
OPNsense 19.1 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts by submitting crafted input to the category parameter. Attackers can send POST requests to firewall_rules_edit.php with script payloads in the category field to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the browsers of other users accessing firewall rule pages.
OPNsense 19.1 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts by exploiting insufficient input validation in the host parameter. Attackers can submit crafted payloads through POST requests to diag_traceroute.php to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of a user's browser session.
OPNsense 19.1 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts by exploiting insufficient input validation in the host parameter. Attackers can submit crafted POST requests to the diag_ping.php endpoint with script payloads in the host parameter to execute arbitrary JavaScript in users' browsers.
OPNsense 19.1 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows attackers to inject malicious scripts by submitting crafted input through multiple parameters. Attackers can send POST requests to interfaces_vlan_edit.php with script payloads in the tag, descr, or vlanif parameters to execute arbitrary JavaScript in users' browsers.
OPNsense 19.1 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in the system_advanced_sysctl.php endpoint that allows attackers to inject persistent malicious scripts via the tunable parameter. Attackers can submit POST requests with script payloads that are stored and executed in the context of authenticated user sessions when the page is viewed.
OPNsense 19.1 contains multiple cross-site scripting vulnerabilities in the diag_backup.php endpoint that allow attackers to inject malicious scripts through multiple parameters including GDrive_GDriveEmail, GDrive_GDriveFolderID, GDrive_GDriveBackupCount, Nextcloud_url, Nextcloud_user, Nextcloud_password, Nextcloud_password_encryption, and Nextcloud_backupdir. Attackers can submit POST requests with script payloads in these parameters to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of authenticated administrator sessions.
ArangoDB Community Edition 3.4.2-1 contains multiple cross-site scripting vulnerabilities in the Aardvark web admin interface (index.html) through search, user management, and API parameters. Attackers can inject scripts via parameters in /_db/_system/_admin/aardvark/index.html to execute JavaScript in authenticated users' browsers.
A security flaw has been discovered in Open5GS up to 2.7.6. This vulnerability affects the function ogs_gtp2_parse_tft in the library lib/gtp/v2/types.c of the component SMF. Performing a manipulation of the argument pf[0].content.length results in denial of service. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
There is a misconfiguration vulnerability inside the Infotainment ECU manufactured by BOSCH. The vulnerability happens during the startup phase of a specific systemd service, and as a result, the following developer features will be activated: the disabled firewall and the launched SSH server.
First identified on Nissan Leaf ZE1 manufactured in 2020.
The system suffers from the absence of a kernel module signature verification. If an attacker can execute commands on behalf of root user (due to additional vulnerabilities), then he/she is also able to load custom kernel modules to the kernel space and execute code in the kernel context. Such a flaw can lead to taking control over the entire system.
First identified on Nissan Leaf ZE1 manufactured in 2020.
The Element Pack Addons for Elementor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file reads in all versions up to, and including, 8.3.17 via the SVG widget and a lack of sufficient file validation in the 'render_svg' function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
spi: tegra210-quad: Protect curr_xfer check in IRQ handler
Now that all other accesses to curr_xfer are done under the lock,
protect the curr_xfer NULL check in tegra_qspi_isr_thread() with the
spinlock. Without this protection, the following race can occur:
CPU0 (ISR thread) CPU1 (timeout path)
---------------- -------------------
if (!tqspi->curr_xfer)
// sees non-NULL
spin_lock()
tqspi->curr_xfer = NULL
spin_unlock()
handle_*_xfer()
spin_lock()
t = tqspi->curr_xfer // NULL!
... t->len ... // NULL dereference!
With this patch, all curr_xfer accesses are now properly synchronized.
Although all accesses to curr_xfer are done under the lock, in
tegra_qspi_isr_thread() it checks for NULL, releases the lock and
reacquires it later in handle_cpu_based_xfer()/handle_dma_based_xfer().
There is a potential for an update in between, which could cause a NULL
pointer dereference.
To handle this, add a NULL check inside the handlers after acquiring
the lock. This ensures that if the timeout path has already cleared
curr_xfer, the handler will safely return without dereferencing the
NULL pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
dpaa2-switch: prevent ZERO_SIZE_PTR dereference when num_ifs is zero
The driver allocates arrays for ports, FDBs, and filter blocks using
kcalloc() with ethsw->sw_attr.num_ifs as the element count. When the
device reports zero interfaces (either due to hardware configuration
or firmware issues), kcalloc(0, ...) returns ZERO_SIZE_PTR (0x10)
instead of NULL.
Later in dpaa2_switch_probe(), the NAPI initialization unconditionally
accesses ethsw->ports[0]->netdev, which attempts to dereference
ZERO_SIZE_PTR (address 0x10), resulting in a kernel panic.
Add a check to ensure num_ifs is greater than zero after retrieving
device attributes. This prevents the zero-sized allocations and
subsequent invalid pointer dereference.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: cpsw_new: Execute ndo_set_rx_mode callback in a work queue
Commit 1767bb2d47b7 ("ipv6: mcast: Don't hold RTNL for
IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP and MCAST_JOIN_GROUP.") removed the RTNL lock for
IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP and MCAST_JOIN_GROUP operations. However, this
change triggered the following call trace on my BeagleBone Black board:
WARNING: net/8021q/vlan_core.c:236 at vlan_for_each+0x120/0x124, CPU#0: rpcbind/496
RTNL: assertion failed at net/8021q/vlan_core.c (236)
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 UID: 997 PID: 496 Comm: rpcbind Not tainted 6.19.0-rc6-next-20260122-yocto-standard+ #8 PREEMPT
Hardware name: Generic AM33XX (Flattened Device Tree)
Call trace:
unwind_backtrace from show_stack+0x28/0x2c
show_stack from dump_stack_lvl+0x30/0x38
dump_stack_lvl from __warn+0xb8/0x11c
__warn from warn_slowpath_fmt+0x130/0x194
warn_slowpath_fmt from vlan_for_each+0x120/0x124
vlan_for_each from cpsw_add_mc_addr+0x54/0xd8
cpsw_add_mc_addr from __hw_addr_ref_sync_dev+0xc4/0xec
__hw_addr_ref_sync_dev from __dev_mc_add+0x78/0x88
__dev_mc_add from igmp6_group_added+0x84/0xec
igmp6_group_added from __ipv6_dev_mc_inc+0x1fc/0x2f0
__ipv6_dev_mc_inc from __ipv6_sock_mc_join+0x124/0x1b4
__ipv6_sock_mc_join from do_ipv6_setsockopt+0x84c/0x1168
do_ipv6_setsockopt from ipv6_setsockopt+0x88/0xc8
ipv6_setsockopt from do_sock_setsockopt+0xe8/0x19c
do_sock_setsockopt from __sys_setsockopt+0x84/0xac
__sys_setsockopt from ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x5
This trace occurs because vlan_for_each() is called within
cpsw_ndo_set_rx_mode(), which expects the RTNL lock to be held.
Since modifying vlan_for_each() to operate without the RTNL lock is not
straightforward, and because ndo_set_rx_mode() is invoked both with and
without the RTNL lock across different code paths, simply adding
rtnl_lock() in cpsw_ndo_set_rx_mode() is not a viable solution.
To resolve this issue, we opt to execute the actual processing within
a work queue, following the approach used by the icssg-prueth driver.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
spi: tegra210-quad: Protect curr_xfer in tegra_qspi_combined_seq_xfer
The curr_xfer field is read by the IRQ handler without holding the lock
to check if a transfer is in progress. When clearing curr_xfer in the
combined sequence transfer loop, protect it with the spinlock to prevent
a race with the interrupt handler.
Protect the curr_xfer clearing at the exit path of
tegra_qspi_combined_seq_xfer() with the spinlock to prevent a race
with the interrupt handler that reads this field.
Without this protection, the IRQ handler could read a partially updated
curr_xfer value, leading to NULL pointer dereference or use-after-free.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ceph: fix oops due to invalid pointer for kfree() in parse_longname()
This fixes a kernel oops when reading ceph snapshot directories (.snap),
for example by simply running `ls /mnt/my_ceph/.snap`.
The variable str is guarded by __free(kfree), but advanced by one for
skipping the initial '_' in snapshot names. Thus, kfree() is called
with an invalid pointer. This patch removes the need for advancing the
pointer so kfree() is called with correct memory pointer.
Steps to reproduce:
1. Create snapshots on a cephfs volume (I've 63 snaps in my testcase)
2. Add cephfs mount to fstab
$ echo "samba-fileserver@.files=/volumes/datapool/stuff/3461082b-ecc9-4e82-8549-3fd2590d3fb6 /mnt/test/stuff ceph acl,noatime,_netdev 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
3. Reboot the system
$ systemctl reboot
4. Check if it's really mounted
$ mount | grep stuff
5. List snapshots (expected 63 snapshots on my system)
$ ls /mnt/test/stuff/.snap
Now ls hangs forever and the kernel log shows the oops.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ipv6: Fix ECMP sibling count mismatch when clearing RTF_ADDRCONF
syzbot reported a kernel BUG in fib6_add_rt2node() when adding an IPv6
route. [0]
Commit f72514b3c569 ("ipv6: clear RA flags when adding a static
route") introduced logic to clear RTF_ADDRCONF from existing routes
when a static route with the same nexthop is added. However, this
causes a problem when the existing route has a gateway.
When RTF_ADDRCONF is cleared from a route that has a gateway, that
route becomes eligible for ECMP, i.e. rt6_qualify_for_ecmp() returns
true. The issue is that this route was never added to the
fib6_siblings list.
This leads to a mismatch between the following counts:
- The sibling count computed by iterating fib6_next chain, which
includes the newly ECMP-eligible route
- The actual siblings in fib6_siblings list, which does not include
that route
When a subsequent ECMP route is added, fib6_add_rt2node() hits
BUG_ON(sibling->fib6_nsiblings != rt->fib6_nsiblings) because the
counts don't match.
Fix this by only clearing RTF_ADDRCONF when the existing route does
not have a gateway. Routes without a gateway cannot qualify for ECMP
anyway (rt6_qualify_for_ecmp() requires fib_nh_gw_family), so clearing
RTF_ADDRCONF on them is safe and matches the original intent of the
commit.
[0]:
kernel BUG at net/ipv6/ip6_fib.c:1217!
Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN PTI
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 6010 Comm: syz.0.17 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full)
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025
RIP: 0010:fib6_add_rt2node+0x3433/0x3470 net/ipv6/ip6_fib.c:1217
[...]
Call Trace:
<TASK>
fib6_add+0x8da/0x18a0 net/ipv6/ip6_fib.c:1532
__ip6_ins_rt net/ipv6/route.c:1351 [inline]
ip6_route_add+0xde/0x1b0 net/ipv6/route.c:3946
ipv6_route_ioctl+0x35c/0x480 net/ipv6/route.c:4571
inet6_ioctl+0x219/0x280 net/ipv6/af_inet6.c:577
sock_do_ioctl+0xdc/0x300 net/socket.c:1245
sock_ioctl+0x576/0x790 net/socket.c:1366
vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline]
__do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:597 [inline]
__se_sys_ioctl+0xfc/0x170 fs/ioctl.c:583
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
procfs: avoid fetching build ID while holding VMA lock
Fix PROCMAP_QUERY to fetch optional build ID only after dropping mmap_lock
or per-VMA lock, whichever was used to lock VMA under question, to avoid
deadlock reported by syzbot:
-> #1 (&mm->mmap_lock){++++}-{4:4}:
__might_fault+0xed/0x170
_copy_to_iter+0x118/0x1720
copy_page_to_iter+0x12d/0x1e0
filemap_read+0x720/0x10a0
blkdev_read_iter+0x2b5/0x4e0
vfs_read+0x7f4/0xae0
ksys_read+0x12a/0x250
do_syscall_64+0xcb/0xf80
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
-> #0 (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#8){++++}-{4:4}:
__lock_acquire+0x1509/0x26d0
lock_acquire+0x185/0x340
down_read+0x98/0x490
blkdev_read_iter+0x2a7/0x4e0
__kernel_read+0x39a/0xa90
freader_fetch+0x1d5/0xa80
__build_id_parse.isra.0+0xea/0x6a0
do_procmap_query+0xd75/0x1050
procfs_procmap_ioctl+0x7a/0xb0
__x64_sys_ioctl+0x18e/0x210
do_syscall_64+0xcb/0xf80
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
other info that might help us debug this:
Possible unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0 CPU1
---- ----
rlock(&mm->mmap_lock);
lock(&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#8);
lock(&mm->mmap_lock);
rlock(&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#8);
*** DEADLOCK ***
This seems to be exacerbated (as we haven't seen these syzbot reports
before that) by the recent:
777a8560fd29 ("lib/buildid: use __kernel_read() for sleepable context")
To make this safe, we need to grab file refcount while VMA is still locked, but
other than that everything is pretty straightforward. Internal build_id_parse()
API assumes VMA is passed, but it only needs the underlying file reference, so
just add another variant build_id_parse_file() that expects file passed
directly.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix up kerneldoc]
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: Don't clobber irqfd routing type when deassigning irqfd
When deassigning a KVM_IRQFD, don't clobber the irqfd's copy of the IRQ's
routing entry as doing so breaks kvm_arch_irq_bypass_del_producer() on x86
and arm64, which explicitly look for KVM_IRQ_ROUTING_MSI. Instead, to
handle a concurrent routing update, verify that the irqfd is still active
before consuming the routing information. As evidenced by the x86 and
arm64 bugs, and another bug in kvm_arch_update_irqfd_routing() (see below),
clobbering the entry type without notifying arch code is surprising and
error prone.
As a bonus, checking that the irqfd is active provides a convenient
location for documenting _why_ KVM must not consume the routing entry for
an irqfd that is in the process of being deassigned: once the irqfd is
deleted from the list (which happens *before* the eventfd is detached), it
will no longer receive updates via kvm_irq_routing_update(), and so KVM
could deliver an event using stale routing information (relative to
KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING returning to userspace).
As an even better bonus, explicitly checking for the irqfd being active
fixes a similar bug to the one the clobbering is trying to prevent: if an
irqfd is deactivated, and then its routing is changed,
kvm_irq_routing_update() won't invoke kvm_arch_update_irqfd_routing()
(because the irqfd isn't in the list). And so if the irqfd is in bypass
mode, IRQs will continue to be posted using the old routing information.
As for kvm_arch_irq_bypass_del_producer(), clobbering the routing type
results in KVM incorrectly keeping the IRQ in bypass mode, which is
especially problematic on AMD as KVM tracks IRQs that are being posted to
a vCPU in a list whose lifetime is tied to the irqfd.
Without the help of KASAN to detect use-after-free, the most common
sympton on AMD is a NULL pointer deref in amd_iommu_update_ga() due to
the memory for irqfd structure being re-allocated and zeroed, resulting
in irqfd->irq_bypass_data being NULL when read by
avic_update_iommu_vcpu_affinity():
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000018
#PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
#PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
PGD 40cf2b9067 P4D 40cf2b9067 PUD 408362a067 PMD 0
Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP
CPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 40383 Comm: vfio_irq_test
Tainted: G U W O 6.19.0-smp--5dddc257e6b2-irqfd #31 NONE
Tainted: [U]=USER, [W]=WARN, [O]=OOT_MODULE
Hardware name: Google, Inc. Arcadia_IT_80/Arcadia_IT_80, BIOS 34.78.2-0 09/05/2025
RIP: 0010:amd_iommu_update_ga+0x19/0xe0
Call Trace:
<TASK>
avic_update_iommu_vcpu_affinity+0x3d/0x90 [kvm_amd]
__avic_vcpu_load+0xf4/0x130 [kvm_amd]
kvm_arch_vcpu_load+0x89/0x210 [kvm]
vcpu_load+0x30/0x40 [kvm]
kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x45/0x620 [kvm]
kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x571/0x6a0 [kvm]
__se_sys_ioctl+0x6d/0xb0
do_syscall_64+0x6f/0x9d0
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53
RIP: 0033:0x46893b
</TASK>
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
If AVIC is inhibited when the irfd is deassigned, the bug will manifest as
list corruption, e.g. on the next irqfd assignment.
list_add corruption. next->prev should be prev (ffff8d474d5cd588),
but was 0000000000000000. (next=ffff8d8658f86530).
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at lib/list_debug.c:31!
Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
CPU: 128 UID: 0 PID: 80818 Comm: vfio_irq_test
Tainted: G U W O 6.19.0-smp--f19dc4d680ba-irqfd #28 NONE
Tainted: [U]=USER, [W]=WARN, [O]=OOT_MODULE
Hardware name: Google, Inc. Arcadia_IT_80/Arcadia_IT_80, BIOS 34.78.2-0 09/05/2025
RIP: 0010:__list_add_valid_or_report+0x97/0xc0
Call Trace:
<TASK>
avic_pi_update_irte+0x28e/0x2b0 [kvm_amd]
kvm_pi_update_irte+0xbf/0x190 [kvm]
kvm_arch_irq_bypass_add_producer+0x72/0x90 [kvm]
irq_bypass_register_consumer+0xcd/0x170 [irqbypa
---truncated---